Association of Clinical Research Professionals (ACRP) Certified Professional Practice Exam

What factor increases risk in a study when a medical student consents in the presence of a figure of authority?

1. Pressure to participate

2. Presence of additional witnesses

3. Clear explanation of risks

4. Time allocated for questions

The correct answer is: Pressure to participate

The factor that increases risk in a study when a medical student consents in the presence of a figure of authority is the pressure to participate. When an authority figure, such as a supervisor or a senior physician, is present during the consent process, it can create an inherent power dynamic that influences the medical student's decision. The student might feel compelled to agree to the study out of fear of disappointing the authority figure or due to a desire to maintain a positive relationship with them. This pressure can undermine the voluntary nature of informed consent, leading to ethical concerns about whether the consent given is truly free from coercion. In contrast, the presence of additional witnesses does not inherently increase risk; rather, it can provide support for the process and help ensure that consent is being given freely. A clear explanation of risks typically enhances the informed consent process by ensuring that participants are fully aware of what they are agreeing to, which helps mitigate risks. Adequate time allocated for questions allows participants to seek clarification and understand the study better, further reducing risks associated with misunderstanding or misinformation.