Association of Clinical Research Professionals (ACRP) Certified Professional Practice Exam

What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that allows for two or more treatment comparisons while manipulating multiple factors called?

1. Superiority Study

2. Non-inferiority Study

3. Factorial Study

4. Equivalence Study

The correct answer is: Factorial Study

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) that allows for two or more treatment comparisons while manipulating multiple factors is referred to as a factorial study. This design is particularly valuable because it enables researchers to evaluate the effects of multiple interventions simultaneously, even when those interventions interact with one another. In a factorial study, participants are randomly assigned to different combinations of treatments, which helps to isolate the effects of each individual treatment as well as any possible interactions between them. This approach is efficient as it maximizes the use of the collected data while allowing researchers to gather insights on how different treatments may work together or separately. It’s especially useful in clinical settings where multiple treatments might be offered and researchers are interested in both their independent and combined effects. A factorial study can compare varied combinations of treatments to determine if there is a synergistic effect or any clear advantages of one combination over the others, making it a comprehensive approach to understanding treatment efficacy.